How do teenagers develop myopia?

What is its development process like?

Under normal circumstances, most of the refractive states of infants and young children are in the state of hyperopia. With growth and development, gradually tend to face, this process is called "face-up". However, some children's eyes do not stop after developing from farsightedness to emmetropia, but continue to "grow".

First: the eyes have changed from facing up to nearsighted

Due to the long-term use of the eye at close range and the heavy load, the ciliary muscle continues to contract and spasm, the lens cannot relax, and the adjustment is unbalanced. The adjustment of the ciliary muscle is like a "spring". If the eye is overused, the "spring" of the ciliary muscle is stretched too tight, so that it has been in a state of high tension and continuous contraction, and the elasticity of the "spring" will become poor. Can't relax when looking far away. For a long time, facing "growth" becomes myopia.

Second: the degree of myopia deepens to become high myopia

If after true myopia, various factors that cause eye fatigue are not relieved, the continuous contraction and spasm of the ciliary muscle causes adjustment lag, resulting in hyperopic defocusing of the peripheral retina (this defocusing state is considered to promote the continuous increase of myopia degree. important reasons), so that the child's axial length continues to grow, the degree of myopia increases, and it becomes high myopia.

Third: from high myopia to pathological myopia

If it is axial myopia, the extension of the eye axis cannot be effectively controlled. With the continuous elongation of the eye axis, the retina and choroid will become thinner, and various fundus complications will appear, which will become pathological myopia. It can manifest as choroidal neovascularization, macular atrophy, macular hole, subretinal hemorrhage, retinal degeneration and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, resulting in severe and irreversible visual impairment.

To sum up, it is the "growth" history of myopia: no myopia develops into low and moderate myopia, low and moderate myopia progresses into high myopia, and high myopia develops pathological changes in the fundus to become pathological myopia.